Joint Pain

Land-based therapeutic exercise (a mix including strengthening, aerobic and flexibility work) moderately reduces knee osteoarthritis pain while it's being done, with a smaller but still real benefit 2-6 months after stopping.

Eases knee pain and stiffness a little in osteoarthritis, mostly in trials funded by makers.

Eases joint tenderness in rheumatoid arthritis; the effect for everyday joint aches is less certain.

Chondroitin alone reduces osteoarthritis pain and glucosamine alone slows joint-space narrowing, but meta-analyses have not shown the combined product beats placebo on pain or physical function.